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An automatic weather station (AWS) is an automated version of the traditional weather station, either to save human labour or to enable measurements from remote areas.〔 An AWS will typically consist of a weather-proof enclosure containing the data logger, rechargeable battery, telemetry (optional) and the meteorological sensors with an attached solar panel or wind turbine and mounted upon a mast. The specific configuration may vary due to the purpose of the system. The system may report in near real time via the Argos System and the Global Telecommunications System, or save the data for later recovery. In the past, automatic weather stations were often placed where electricity and communication lines were available. Nowadays, the solar panel, wind turbine and mobile phone technology have made it possible to have wireless stations that are not connected to the electrical grid or hardline telecommunications network.〔 ==Sensors== Most automatic weather stations have〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=North Hants Weather - AWS )〕 * Thermometer for measuring temperature * Anemometer for measuring wind speed * Wind vane for measuring wind direction * Hygrometer for measuring humidity * Barometer for measuring atmospheric pressure Some stations can also have * Ceilometer for measuring cloud height * Present weather sensor and/or visibility sensor * Rain gauge for measuring liquid-equivalent precipitation * Ultrasonic snow depth sensor for measuring depth of snow * Pyranometer for measuring solar radiation Unlike manual weather stations, automated airport weather stations cannot report the class and amount of clouds. Also, precipitation measurements are difficult, especially for snow, as the gauge must empty itself between observations. For present weather, all phenomena that do not touch the sensor, such as fog patches, remain unobserved.〔 The change from manual observations to automatic weather stations is a major non-climatic change in the climate record.〔Begert, M., Schlegel, T., and Kirchhofer, W.: Homogeneous temperature and precipitation series of Switzerland from 1864 to 2000. Int. J. Climatol., 25, 65–80, 2005.〕 The change in instrumentation, enclosure and location can lead to a jump in, for example, the measured temperature or precipitation values, which can lead to erroneous estimates of climate trends. This change, and related non-climatic changes, have to be removed by homogenization. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「automatic weather station」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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